• Common symptoms of hemorrhoids are:
  • Bleeding during bowel movements in the form of drops and jet
  • Swelling in the anus
  • Pain or discomfort in the anus
  • Itching or irritation in the anal region

  Internal hemorrhoids (located inside the rectum):  These are usually painless. On straining while passing stool they can bleed and as well prolapse out of the anal opening and cause pain and irritation.

  External hemorrhoids (located under the skin around the anus): These usually cause pain and discomfort. They cause severe pain when thrombosed (when acute blood clot is formed).

FISSURE Signs and symptoms:

• Severe pain and bleeding after passing stools
• Stool may be coated with a small amount of blood

• Hemorrhoids can develop from increased pressure in the lower rectum due to:
  • Excessive straining during bowel movements
  • Low-fiber diet
  • Chronic constipation
  • Obesity
  • Pregnancy

• Anemia
• Weakness
• Strangulated piles- blood supply being cut off in an internal hemorrhoid leading to extreme pain.
• Thrombosed piles- acute blood clot formed in the piles causing severe pain.

• HOME REMEDIES: High fiber diet, Sitz bath, avoid straining while passing stools.
• SCLEROTHERAPY: A chemicalsolution is injected into the hemorrhoids which will cause it to shrink.
• RUBBER BAND LIGATION: one or two tiny rubber bands are placed at the base of an internal hemorrhoid to cut off its circulation. The hemorrhoid shrinks and falls off within a week.

• SURGERY:
  • HEMORRHOIDECTOMY (hemorrhoid removal): It is usually done for severe/recurring hemorrhoids. It is done for large prolapsing piles or when bleeding does not stop with other methods. Excessive tissue that causes bleeding is removed.
  • HEMORROIDOPEXY: (stapled hemorrhoidectomy): stapling blocks blood flow to hemorrhoidal tissue. It is typically used only for internal hemorrhoids.

If dysphagia is not treatable by the above means then the following treatment can be done:

• A special liquid diet
• A feeding tube
• Esophageal stenting